Singapore GPA is not one national calculation

“Singapore GPA” is useful shorthand, but it can hide important differences. A university may publish a 5.0 grade-point system, another university may use a 4.0 cumulative GPA system, and polytechnics may calculate a 4.0 GPA using their own grade labels, credit rules, repeat rules, and treatment of pass or non-graded subjects. The correct calculation begins with the institution and programme named on your transcript, not with a generic conversion chart.

This calculator therefore asks you to select a model before entering courses. The NUS/NTU option uses a 5.0 grade-point pattern in which A+ and A are 5.0, A- is 4.5, B+ is 4.0, and lower grades descend in 0.5-point steps to F = 0. The SMU option uses its published individual grade points, including A+ = 4.3, while treating the cumulative GPA as capped at 4.0. The 4.0 polytechnic option is a planning model built around the common graded sequence A = 4.0, B+ = 3.5, B = 3.0, C+ = 2.5, C = 2.0, D+ = 1.5, D = 1.0, and F = 0.0.

Those options are useful starting points, not a license to ignore your academic regulations. A particular faculty, programme, admission cohort, special module, or prior academic year can have a different rule. If your transcript, registrar, student handbook, or official GPA calculator specifies a different treatment, use that rule. The custom mapping panel exists for this purpose. It is not a tool for changing grades to make a projection look better.

What this Singapore GPA calculator can calculate

The calculator is designed for course-by-course arithmetic. Enter a course name, the credit units that count in the relevant calculation, and the grade received or realistically projected. It calculates the GPA for the entered courses and, if you supply a prior cumulative GPA plus the prior graded units, projects a new cumulative GPA after the entered courses are added. This makes it useful for a semester check, a graduation planning scenario, or a controlled “what grade do I need?” discussion with an adviser.

It does not calculate O-Level aggregates, A-Level University Admission Score, ITE net GPA, class rank, degree classification, scholarship eligibility, or a foreign credential evaluation. Those measures have different rules and often use information that a simple course-grade average does not contain. Do not enter O-Level, A-Level, IB, GCSE, or IGCSE grades as though they were university course grades. If you need to work with Singapore O- or N-Level results, use the dedicated Singapore O/N-Level grade converter rather than mixing school-exam grades into a tertiary GPA.

The calculator also does not produce an official U.S. GPA. A 4.0 polytechnic GPA and a 4.0 U.S. university GPA may use different grade points, credit rules, repeats, and transcript conventions. When an overseas recipient actually requires a conversion, use the separate Singapore-to-U.S. GPA converter only as a planning aid and follow the recipient's written instructions or required credential evaluation. Keep this page focused on calculating the Singapore result shown by the course record.

The credit-weighted GPA formula

Singapore tertiary GPA calculations are generally credit weighted. A course worth more units contributes more to the result than a course worth fewer units, provided both are included in the institution's graded-course rule. Let \(u_i\) be the units for course \(i\), and \(p_i\) be the grade point assigned to the course grade. The quality points for that course are:

$$Q_i = u_i \times p_i$$

The GPA for a group of included courses is:

$$\text{GPA} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} u_i p_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} u_i}$$

The numerator is the total quality points. The denominator is the total included units. Courses with no grade point, no included units, or a specific non-graded treatment should be left out unless your own regulations state otherwise. The formula is simple, but the inclusion decision is where students most often make a mistake.

To project a cumulative GPA, the calculator combines the quality points already represented by your prior GPA with the quality points from the new entered courses. If \(G_0\) is the prior GPA, \(U_0\) is the prior graded units, and the new courses have quality points \(Q_i\) and units \(u_i\), the projected cumulative result is:

$$\text{Projected cumulative GPA} = \frac{G_0U_0 + \sum_{i=1}^{n}Q_i}{U_0 + \sum_{i=1}^{n}u_i}$$

That formula assumes the prior GPA and prior units use exactly the same model as the new courses. Do not combine a 5.0 university GPA with 4.0 polytechnic units, or a prior cumulative figure that includes courses your new calculation excludes. A projected number can be mathematically exact and still be academically wrong if its inputs come from incompatible systems.

Understand the three calculator modes

NUS and NTU 5.0 grade-point mode

NUS and NTU publish a 5.0 grade-point pattern for relevant coursework. In the default model, A+ and A both carry 5.0, A- carries 4.5, B+ carries 4.0, B carries 3.5, B- carries 3.0, C+ carries 2.5, C carries 2.0, D+ carries 1.5, D carries 1.0, and F carries 0.0. At NUS, the terminology has changed from CAP and modular credits to GPA and units in recent academic terminology, but the practical calculation remains a credit-weighted grade-point average for the courses that count.

The equal point value for A+ and A is intentional in this model. The transcript can still distinguish the letter grades even though the GPA does not. Do not try to invent a value above 5.0 for A+ to “restore” the difference. The official grade is already preserved in the course record, and the model is defined by the institution.

SMU 4.0 CGPA mode

SMU uses a 4-point cumulative GPA system. Its individual course grade table includes A+ = 4.3, A = 4.0, A- = 3.7, B+ = 3.3, B = 3.0, B- = 2.7, C+ = 2.3, C = 2.0, C- = 1.7, D+ = 1.3, D = 1.0, and F = 0.0. The highest term or cumulative GPA is 4.00. The calculator applies the individual grade points to the entered courses and caps the displayed cumulative or entered-course result at 4.00 when the SMU mode is selected.

This is why a simple “divide a 5.0 GPA by 1.25” shortcut is not a sound conversion method. Grade-point tables, caps, and the treatment of A+ vary. Choose SMU mode only for an SMU academic record or a calculation that specifically directs you to its published system.

4.0 polytechnic planning mode

Polytechnic transcript rules must be checked against the named institution. Singapore Polytechnic, Temasek Polytechnic, and Ngee Ann Polytechnic publish 4.0 GPA structures with similar core grade-point patterns, yet grade labels such as Distinction, A+, D-, P, or non-graded pass can differ in availability and treatment. The calculator's polytechnic mode is deliberately limited to a transparent standard graded-course planning sequence. It is not a statement that every diploma, intake year, or special module is identical.

When a transcript contains a grade such as DIST, Z, AD, P, PX, PM, EX, UP, or another nonstandard notation, do not force it into a nearby letter grade. Check the institution's legend. If the legend gives a grade point and states that it contributes to GPA, use a custom map. If it says the module is non-graded or excluded, leave it out of the entered GPA calculation. This preserves the denominator required by the actual rule.

How to enter courses correctly

Use the course title or code from your official records. Names are not used in the formula, but they make the breakdown reviewable and help you catch an omitted or duplicated module. Enter the number of units, credits, or credit units that the GPA rule uses. Do not substitute contact hours, workload hours, or credits from another institution. A four-unit course has twice the effect of a two-unit course because the formula multiplies the grade point by the included units.

Enter only a final grade for an achieved result. For a projection, enter the grade you are modelling and keep a note that it is projected. Do not mix a preliminary mark, a class average, a predicted letter grade, and an awarded transcript grade without labeling the difference. The calculator's output does not distinguish them automatically; you must keep the record honest.

If you are entering a whole semester, include all courses that count for that semester GPA. If you are modelling only a subset of courses, interpret the entered-course result as a scenario, not as your final semester result. The projected cumulative calculation is often the safer measure for partial planning because it shows the effect of the new courses against the already completed units.

Worked examples

Semester GPA, cumulative GPA, and projected GPA

A semester GPA describes the included graded courses in one academic period. A cumulative GPA combines included courses across periods. A projected cumulative GPA adds planned or expected future results to a verified prior cumulative record. They can all be useful, but they must not be substituted for each other.

A strong semester can improve a cumulative GPA, but the size of the change depends on the number of completed units already in the record. Early in a programme, a single semester can move the cumulative result significantly. Later, the same grades have a smaller effect because they are added to a much larger denominator. This is not a flaw in the calculator; it is a direct consequence of the weighted-average formula.

For a realistic projection, enter the prior cumulative GPA exactly as shown by the school and enter the total graded units used to compute it. If your transcript does not show the included-unit total, do not guess. You can still calculate a semester GPA from individual courses, but a precise cumulative projection requires the historical denominator. Request clarification from the registrar or use a transcript calculation worksheet if your institution provides one.

When a future grade is uncertain, calculate several labelled scenarios. For example, “conservative,” “expected,” and “stretch” sets can show the range of possible cumulative outcomes. This is more useful than selecting only the most hopeful grades. It also helps you identify whether a particular course, because of its unit value, has a larger effect on a target GPA than another course.

Pass/fail, S/U, CS/CU, exemptions, and withdrawals

Not every transcript outcome carries a grade point. NUS, for example, has forms of completed-satisfactorily or completed-unsatisfactorily outcomes and an S/U framework in defined circumstances. Singapore polytechnics may use pass, non-graded pass, exempted, absent, distinction, or other terms. The treatment is institutional, and sometimes programme-specific.

The correct first question is not “What numeric value should I assign?” It is “Does this outcome enter the official GPA numerator and denominator?” If the policy says no grade point is assigned and the course is excluded from GPA, leave it out of this calculation. If the policy assigns a point value and includes the course, enter that value through the institution-provided custom map. If the policy is unclear, do not use an approximate grade; ask the academic office or consult the current official handbook.

Do not treat S/U or pass/fail options as universally protective. They can have eligibility rules, declaration windows, graduation implications, prerequisite effects, or transcript consequences. A calculator can illustrate the arithmetic after a valid decision, but it cannot advise whether taking an option is academically or administratively appropriate. Consider the actual policy, your degree requirements, and advice from the relevant school office.

Withdrawals, incomplete outcomes, audited courses, exchange courses, transfer credits, and exemptions also need special attention. Some may be recorded on the transcript but excluded from GPA; others may have separate conversion procedures. Enter a course only after you know its treatment in the official calculation you are trying to replicate.

Repeat attempts and grade replacement

Repeated courses are a frequent source of incorrect online GPA estimates. Institutions can handle a repeat in different ways: the new grade may replace a failed grade in the cumulative calculation, both attempts may remain visible while only a specified attempt counts, both may count, or the policy may impose progression consequences that the GPA alone does not show. A result should not be duplicated or deleted just because one treatment produces a more attractive number.

Before using the calculator, read the transcript legend or repeat-module rule. If the institution says the most recent attempt replaces the earlier attempt for GPA purposes, include the countable result once. If the rule includes both attempts, enter both with their proper units and grades. If you are not certain, calculate separate clearly labelled scenarios rather than presenting one as official.

Keep an audit note: course code, original attempt, repeat attempt, which one the academic regulation includes, and the source of the rule. This becomes especially useful when applying for further study or when a third party asks why a self-calculated number does not match a transcript at first glance. The transcript history and the institutional rule are more important than a simplified average.

Using a Singapore GPA for applications

For Singapore university applications, use the measure and evidence the application requests. An A-Level applicant may need an admission score or subject results rather than a GPA. A polytechnic applicant may need a cumulative diploma GPA. A university student applying for exchange, graduate study, or employment may be asked for a transcript and a current cumulative GPA. These are different tasks, so start with the application instructions before calculating anything.

For overseas applications, submit the official Singapore transcript when requested. A foreign university may accept the listed GPA, assess the grades internally, request a credential evaluation, or ask you to complete a specific conversion field. Do not assume that a 5.0 GPA can be divided by 1.25 to obtain an official U.S. GPA. That linear shortcut ignores grade tables, credit treatment, caps, and the receiving institution's policy.

If an application form gives a GPA field without clear guidance for your system, contact the receiving institution. Ask whether it wants the transcript GPA as reported, a conversion, a credential evaluation, or no GPA entry. Record the answer. A transparent transcript plus a correct instruction is stronger than a number produced from an unverified conversion rule.

When an application asks for your current GPA, report it exactly with its scale: for example, “4.12/5.00” or “3.76/4.00,” if those are the official transcript values. Do not strip the denominator. The scale is part of the result. If you include a self-calculated projection in a personal statement or planning document, call it a projection and state the assumptions.

Academic targets and what the calculator can reveal

A GPA target becomes actionable only when it is tied to units and grades. “I want a 4.0” is not enough information. A better question is: “Given my current 3.72 over 64 units, what average grade-point performance do I need across the next 20 included units to reach 3.80?” The formula can be rearranged to find the required future quality points.

If \(T\) is the target cumulative GPA, \(G_0\) is the prior GPA, \(U_0\) is prior included units, and \(U_f\) is future included units, the average grade point needed across the future units is:

$$\text{Required future average} = \frac{T(U_0+U_f)-G_0U_0}{U_f}$$

This is an academic planning calculation, not a promise. It can show when a target is mathematically attainable under the selected system and whether the required average exceeds the scale maximum. If the required future average is above 5.0 in a NUS/NTU model or above 4.0 as a cumulative SMU target, the target cannot be reached in the stated number of units without a change in the underlying record or policy. That information helps you set realistic expectations and seek appropriate academic advice early.

Use the calculator's course rows to model the grades you are considering, but do not let numerical planning replace learning. The grade outcome can depend on assessment structure, prerequisites, workload, health, teaching format, and academic rules. A target is most useful when combined with a study plan, available support, and clear knowledge of the course requirements.

Common calculation errors to avoid

1. Using the wrong institution's scale. NUS/NTU 5.0, SMU 4.0, and polytechnic 4.0 records are not interchangeable.
2. Ignoring units. Averaging letter grades without credit weighting can materially change the result.
3. Including a non-graded course. A course may carry earned credit but no GPA weight.
4. Double-counting a repeat or staged result. Read the institution's repeat policy and transcript legend.
5. Combining results from different systems. Do not merge a polytechnic GPA, university GPA, and school-exam grades into one average without a stated official method.
6. Converting to a U.S. GPA by ratio. A scale maximum is not a conversion method.
7. Reporting a projection as official. A projected cumulative result should be labeled and kept separate from the transcript GPA.
8. Assuming a classification threshold. Degree awards, honours, awards, and academic standing can depend on programme-specific regulations beyond one number.

Most errors are solved by slowing down at the input stage. Check the exact grade, units, course status, and calculation system before looking at the output. The results table is there to expose the arithmetic so that you can verify every included course.

Degree classification, awards, and academic standing

Students often ask what a particular GPA “means” for honours, a dean's list, graduate admission, or employment. The right answer depends on the institution, programme, cohort, and current regulations. A classification may rely on cumulative GPA, a final-year GPA, required courses, capstone performance, disciplinary standing, graduation requirements, or a combination of conditions. A single generic threshold is not reliable enough to put on a public calculator page.

Use the calculator to understand the number on the scale that your institution uses. Then consult the current academic regulations for the classification or award you are considering. For example, a dean's list can use a semester measure and eligibility conditions rather than just a cumulative number. A graduation class can have rules that differ from a scholarship cutoff. Separating the arithmetic from the policy avoids false certainty.

For employment, a transcript GPA may be one signal among many. Employers can consider degree status, relevant modules, projects, internships, portfolio work, interviews, and experience. Report the transcript result honestly with its scale when asked. Do not describe a calculated projection as a conferred academic distinction.

A reliable workflow for semester and cumulative planning

1. Open your most recent official transcript and the current academic regulations for your programme.
2. Identify the exact GPA scale, grade-point table, and treatment of non-graded courses that applies to your record.
3. Select the matching calculator model or activate the custom mapping from the official table.
4. Enter only the courses that the rule includes, using the actual units and grade outcomes.
5. For a cumulative projection, enter the prior official GPA and the prior included units only if they use the same system.
6. Review the breakdown for duplicate courses, incorrect units, incorrectly included pass/fail outcomes, and wrong grade labels.
7. Save the result as a dated planning calculation and use the transcript value, not the projection, in official reporting unless a recipient asks for a forecast.

This process is deliberately conservative. It avoids a common online-calculator failure: producing a clean number from a messy, mismatched academic record. A result is useful when you can explain every course, unit, grade point, and inclusion decision behind it.

Read the transcript before you calculate

A GPA calculation should start from the official transcript, not from memory, a screenshot of a portal dashboard, or a list of marks copied into a notes app. The transcript identifies the institution, programme, academic period, course codes, grade symbols, units or credit units, and sometimes a grade legend. Those details determine whether a course belongs in the numerator, denominator, both, or neither.

First, identify the reporting measure printed by the institution. It may be described as GPA, CGPA, CAP, semester GPA, current GPA, cumulative GPA, or another programme-specific term. Do not assume that two labels are interchangeable just because they appear to use the same scale. Next, check the denominator. A current GPA may cover only the most recent semester; a cumulative GPA may cover all graded courses completed to date; an award calculation may use a different subset. The calculator's prior GPA fields are appropriate only when you know which units produced that prior number.

Then inspect the grade legend. A transcript may show A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+, D, D-, F, Distinction, Pass, Exempted, Incomplete, Withdrawn, or other outcomes. A label can look familiar while being governed by a different point value or inclusion rule. For example, a pass may be counted as a low grade point at one institution, excluded from GPA at another, and used only to satisfy a completion requirement at a third. The correct response is to use the institution's legend, not to select the closest-looking grade in the calculator.

Finally, check the unit system. Units, modular credits, credit units, and course credits are not universal measurements. They are weights inside the issuing institution's GPA method. If a transcript reports a 4-unit course, enter 4 only when the GPA calculation itself is based on those units. Do not convert units into another credit system for a self-calculation. The purpose here is to reproduce or project the school's measure, not to create a new cross-border transcript.

Audit your inputs before relying on a projection

GPA arithmetic is easy to automate; input quality is not. Before using a projection for module planning, scholarships, exchange, or an application discussion, run a course-by-course audit. Compare the course list against the current registration record or transcript. Make sure every included course appears once, no course is entered under the wrong credit value, and the grade is final or clearly marked as a projected scenario. This matters more than adding extra decimal places to the result.

Check whether an elective, internship, internship-equivalent, practicum, graduate requirement, exchange course, or enrichment course carries grade points. Some can carry units but not grade points; some can carry both; some may be counted in an academic standing calculation but not a degree-classification calculation. A general calculator cannot infer the policy from the course title. If the regulation is not explicit, ask the programme office before treating the course as GPA-bearing.

Review the initial state of the calculator as well. The default rows are examples, not a template for your transcript. Replace every title, unit value, and grade. Clear a prior GPA or prior units value when you are calculating only one semester. Conversely, do not expect a cumulative projection to be accurate if you omit the prior units. A number such as 3.80 is only meaningful when the total quality points and total included units are correct.

Keep a short calculation note for important decisions. Include the institution, programme, transcript date, GPA system, included course types, any custom grade map, and whether grades are final or projected. For a projection, state the specific future courses and grades assumed. This is useful if you later need to revise a scenario or explain why a private calculation differs from a subsequently issued transcript.

Use grade scenarios for planning, not for self-reporting

A well-structured scenario can help a student decide where to focus effort. Create a baseline using achieved grades and realistic expected grades for current courses. Then make alternative scenarios with one or two changed grades. For example, if a 4-unit course is the main uncertainty, compare B+, A-, and A outcomes while holding all other inputs constant. The difference in the projected GPA shows how that course's grade point and units influence the result.

Do not turn this into a prediction market. A projected A+ is not an official grade; it is a mathematical assumption. Name scenarios honestly: conservative, expected, and stretch. If the result of an application, progression requirement, or scholarship depends on a grade, use the official policy to determine what is needed. The calculator can show the arithmetic, but it cannot decide whether a forecast is academically reasonable or whether a policy will make an exception.

Scenario planning becomes especially useful when a student already has many included units. Suppose a prior GPA is based on 100 units and the coming semester adds 16 units. Even an excellent semester will move the cumulative result less than it would in the first year, because the historical denominator is large. This does not mean improvement is unimportant. It means you should distinguish a semester target from a cumulative target and avoid reading a small cumulative movement as a small academic achievement.

When an apparent target requires a future average above the scale maximum, the calculation has identified a constraint rather than a failure. Re-check the prior GPA, the number of remaining included units, the policy for repeats or exclusions, and the target itself. Speak to an academic adviser about the options that actually exist. Do not manipulate the grade map, omit an inconvenient course, or assume that an unconfirmed S/U choice will solve a mathematical problem.

Records that combine institutions or qualification levels

Many students in Singapore have more than one academic record: secondary examinations, a polytechnic diploma, university coursework, exchange modules, professional certificates, or prior study elsewhere. These records should normally remain separate. A polytechnic cGPA may be central to a university application, while university GPA becomes central later for graduate applications. That does not mean the two should be averaged together.

Use one calculator run for one issuing institution and one stated grade-point policy. A polytechnic 4.0 GPA can be calculated from the courses and rules within that diploma. A university 5.0 GPA can be calculated from its own included units and grade map. If an application service wants a combined evaluation, let its stated process or a required credential evaluator decide how the records are handled. A self-created blended average has no reliable interpretation without a policy authorizing it.

Exchange and transfer courses deserve the same care. An overseas course may appear on the home transcript as a letter grade, a pass, a transfer credit, a converted mark, or an excluded outcome. Use the home institution's current rule for its GPA effect. Do not assume the original host grade is automatically inserted into the home GPA, and do not calculate a conversion unless the official process requires one.

The same principle applies to overseas applications. The receiving university may understand a Singapore transcript directly, request a translated transcript, ask for a GPA as reported by the home institution, or require an evaluator. The separate conversion page linked above has a different purpose. This page remains the place to understand the credit-weighted Singapore result before any recipient-specific conversion is considered.

How grade points and marks differ

A final course mark and a grade point are related but not the same thing. A mark may be assembled from coursework, examinations, laboratories, participation, and other assessment components. The institution then applies its grading policy to award a letter grade or other outcome. The GPA calculation normally uses the grade point assigned to the final outcome, not the raw percentage score.

For that reason, avoid using a generic percentage-to-GPA chart to replace an official letter-grade table. A 75 percent result, for example, may sit in a particular grade band under one school's policy but may be moderated or assessed differently under another. The grade shown on the transcript and the grade point defined by the institution are the inputs that matter for reproducing a GPA. If a policy gives a numerical mark-to-grade rule for a particular programme, use that official rule only for that programme.

Marks can still help with academic planning. They may reveal which assessment components need attention and what score is needed to move a course result. But once the goal is cumulative GPA, convert the final expected course outcome to the applicable grade point and use the proper units. Keeping these two layers separate prevents a false sense of precision.

A practical checklist for formal uses

1. Use the official transcript GPA, with its scale, whenever a form asks for the value already reported by your institution.
2. Use a calculated projection only in personal planning or where a school explicitly asks for a forecast.
3. List the scale beside every GPA: for example, 4.12/5.00 or 3.76/4.00.
4. Keep the official transcript, current programme regulations, and any required translation with the calculation record.
5. For a credential evaluation or international conversion, follow the recipient's method rather than applying a ratio to the Singapore result.
6. Confirm treatment of pass/fail, repeats, exchange, exemptions, and special modules before you quote a self-calculated number.

This checklist is intentionally procedural. It gives a GPA number the context it needs to be interpreted correctly. A result that is transparent about scale, included units, and source policy is more useful than a number that appears precise but cannot be reproduced.

Frequently asked questions

Is Singapore GPA out of 4.0 or 5.0?

Both exist. NUS and NTU publish 5.0 grade-point structures for relevant coursework, while SMU uses a 4.0 cumulative GPA system and polytechnics commonly use 4.0 GPA structures. Use the system on your own transcript and current regulations.

Is NUS CAP still used?

NUS has updated academic terminology from CAP and modular credits to GPA and units, while retaining a 5-point grade-point calculation for relevant coursework. Your transcript and programme regulations are the best source for the terminology and calculation that applies to you.

Can I calculate my GPA by averaging grades?

Not when courses carry different units. Use the credit-weighted formula: sum of unit multiplied by grade point, divided by sum of included units.

Should S/U or pass/fail courses be included?

Only if your institution says they contribute grade points to GPA. Many such outcomes are excluded, but the precise treatment varies. Check the official academic rule before entering them.

Can I convert a Singapore 5.0 GPA directly to a U.S. 4.0 GPA?

Do not use a simple division rule as an official conversion. Submit the transcript and follow the receiving institution's or required evaluator's instructions. Different scales can use different grade tables and GPA rules.

Why is my projected cumulative GPA different from my semester GPA?

A semester GPA covers only the entered period. A projected cumulative GPA combines those courses with the prior GPA and prior included units, so completed history affects the result.

Does an A+ always raise the GPA above an A?

No. In the NUS/NTU 5.0 model, A+ and A both carry 5.0. In SMU mode, A+ has a higher individual grade point than A, while the overall GPA remains capped at 4.0. Follow the system that applies to your transcript.

Can this calculator confirm honours classification or graduation eligibility?

No. It checks GPA arithmetic. Classification, graduation, academic standing, and awards can depend on additional programme rules, included courses, and current regulations.

Keep the official record in control

A Singapore GPA calculator is most valuable when it makes the calculation transparent rather than pretending every academic record follows one scale. Select the correct institutional model, use actual units, include only grade-point courses, and treat projections as projections. Then use your official transcript and current academic regulations for any formal application, graduation check, or academic decision.

The result above gives you a course-level explanation of the arithmetic. That is the right foundation for planning a semester, understanding a cumulative result, and asking a precise question of your school when the policy is not clear.