Conciliation and arbitration: conciliation involves inviting an independent third party, the arbiter, to come in to conciliate the dispute. Both sides outline their positions and provide evidence, which will be assessed and the arbiter will make a judgement. Conciliation does not require a third-party.
Industrial democracy: running an organisation with the participation of the workforce. For example, sharing ownership of the means of production or having trade union representatives in company boards and governing bodies.
No-strike agreement: this happens when a trade union agrees not to undertake industrial action unless procedural steps have first been undertaken. This usually happens when the management team has agreed to certain conditions of the employee representatives.
Single-union agreement: recognising one union as the only representative of employees. This saves managers the difficulties of negotiating with several unions.
