⚡ Multiplication Fluency - Grade 3

What is Multiplication Fluency?

Multiplication fluency means knowing multiplication facts quickly and accurately without counting or using fingers!

By the end of Grade 3, you should know all multiplication facts from memory! 🎯

📌 Multiplication Facts: 2, 3, 4, 5, 10

Why Learn These First?

These are the foundation facts - the easiest to learn and most useful!

✓ ×2: Double the number
✓ ×5: Count by 5s (ends in 0 or 5)
✓ ×10: Add a zero
✓ ×3 & ×4: Build on what you know!

Quick Reference Table

n	2×n	3×n	4×n	5×n	10×n
1	2	3	4	5	10
2	4	6	8	10	20
3	6	9	12	15	30
4	8	12	16	20	40
5	10	15	20	25	50
6	12	18	24	30	60
7	14	21	28	35	70
8	16	24	32	40	80
9	18	27	36	45	90
10	20	30	40	50	100

📌 Multiplication Facts: 6, 7, 8, 9

The Trickier Facts

These facts are harder, but you can use strategies to remember them!

Quick Reference Table

n	6×n	7×n	8×n	9×n
1	6	7	8	9
2	12	14	16	18
3	18	21	24	27
4	24	28	32	36
5	30	35	40	45
6	36	42	48	54
7	42	49	56	63
8	48	56	64	72
9	54	63	72	81
10	60	70	80	90

✓✗ True or False Practice

What is True or False?

Look at a multiplication sentence and decide if it's TRUE (correct) or FALSE (incorrect)!

Examples

Example 1:

Question: \(4 \times 5 = 20\) - True or False?

Think: Does \(4 \times 5\) really equal \(20\)?
\(4 \times 5 = 20\) ✓
Answer: TRUE!

Example 2:

Question: \(7 \times 6 = 48\) - True or False?

Think: Does \(7 \times 6\) equal \(48\)?
\(7 \times 6 = 42\) not \(48\)!
Answer: FALSE!

Strategy:

💡 Calculate the correct answer in your head, then compare it to what's given!

🔢 Sorting Multiplication Facts

What is Sorting?

Sorting means organizing multiplication facts into groups based on certain rules!

Ways to Sort

1. Sort by Factor

Group all facts with the same factor together

×5 group: \(5×2, 5×3, 5×4, 5×6...\)
×7 group: \(7×2, 7×3, 7×4, 7×5...\)

2. Sort by Product

Group facts with products in certain ranges

Products 1-20: \(2×3, 3×4, 5×2...\)
Products 21-40: \(4×6, 5×5, 7×4...\)
Products 41+: \(7×7, 8×6, 9×5...\)

3. Sort by Even/Odd

Group by whether the product is even or odd

Even products: \(2×3=6, 4×5=20, 6×7=42\)
Odd products: \(3×5=15, 7×9=63, 5×7=35\)

❓ Find the Missing Factor

What is a Missing Factor?

A missing factor is when one number in a multiplication problem is unknown!

\(\text{Factor} \times ? = \text{Product}\)
OR
\(? \times \text{Factor} = \text{Product}\)

How to Find Missing Factors

Use your multiplication facts - Think "what times this equals that?"
Use division - Divide the product by the known factor
Skip count - Count by the known factor until you reach the product

Examples

Example 1:

Problem: \(6 \times ? = 42\)

Method 1: Think of your 6s facts
\(6 \times 7 = 42\)
So the missing factor is \(7\)!

Method 2: Use division
\(42 \div 6 = 7\)
So the missing factor is \(7\)! ✓

Example 2:

Problem: \(? \times 8 = 56\)

Method 1: Think "what times 8 equals 56?"
\(7 \times 8 = 56\)
So the missing factor is \(7\)!

Method 2: Skip count by 8s
\(8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56\)
Counted 7 times, so the answer is \(7\)! ✓

Example 3:

Problem: \(4 \times ? = 36\)

Solution:
\(36 \div 4 = 9\)
Or think: \(4 \times 9 = 36\)
Answer: The missing factor is \(9\)! ✓

Key Formula:

If \(\text{Factor}_1 \times \text{Factor}_2 = \text{Product}\)

Then: \(\text{Product} \div \text{Factor}_1 = \text{Factor}_2\)

⬛ Squares Up to 10 × 10

What is a Square Number?

A square number is when you multiply a number by itself!

\(n \times n = n^2\)
(Read as "n squared")

Example: \(5 \times 5 = 5^2 = 25\) (5 squared equals 25)

Square Numbers 1-10

Number (n)	Multiplication	Square (\(n^2\))
1	\(1 \times 1\)	1
2	\(2 \times 2\)	4
3	\(3 \times 3\)	9
4	\(4 \times 4\)	16
5	\(5 \times 5\)	25
6	\(6 \times 6\)	36
7	\(7 \times 7\)	49
8	\(8 \times 8\)	64
9	\(9 \times 9\)	81
10	\(10 \times 10\)	100