California’s education landscape is shaped significantly by the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), a comprehensive testing system that evaluates student learning and school performance across the state. Whether you’re an educator preparing your students or a parent wanting to understand what your child will experience, this complete guide provides all the essential information about CAASPP testing.

Understanding the CAASPP System: More Than Just a Test

The CAASPP system, established in 2014, replaced California’s previous STAR testing program and represents a fundamental shift in how the state measures student achievement. Unlike traditional paper-and-pencil tests, CAASPP embraces technology-enhanced, adaptive testing that adjusts question difficulty based on student responses, providing a more accurate measure of what students know and can do.

The primary purpose of CAASPP extends beyond simple measurement—it’s designed to assist teachers, administrators, students, and parents by promoting high-quality teaching and learning through various assessment approaches and innovative item types. This system provides crucial data for identifying achievement gaps, informing instructional decisions, and ensuring students are on track for college and career readiness.

The Four Core Components of CAASPP Testing

Smarter Balanced Summative Assessments (SBAC)

The Smarter Balanced Summative Assessments form the backbone of the CAASPP system, testing students in grades 3-8 and grade 11 in English Language Arts/Literacy (ELA) and Mathematics. These assessments are uniquely designed as computer adaptive tests combined with performance tasks, meaning the difficulty adjusts in real-time based on student responses.

Key Features:

• Estimated testing time: 5-6 hours total per subject (untimed)

• Format: Computer adaptive test plus performance task

• Standards tested: California Common Core State Standards

• Accessibility: Multiple supports for English learners and students with disabilities

The adaptive nature means that if a student answers correctly, subsequent questions become more challenging; incorrect answers lead to easier questions. This approach provides more precise measurement of student ability levels compared to traditional fixed-form tests.

California Science Test (CAST)

The California Science Test evaluates student mastery of the California Next Generation Science Standards in grades 5, 8, and once during high school (grades 10, 11, or 12). CAST takes approximately 2 hours and covers three main domains: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Earth and Space Sciences.

CAST Score Ranges by Grade:

• Grade 5: 150-250 scale points

• Grade 8: 350-450 scale points

• High School: 550-650 scale points

The test emphasizes critical thinking and problem-solving skills, using questions that integrate science content, practices, and concepts across multiple domains.

California Alternate Assessments (CAA)

The California Alternate Assessments serve students with the most significant cognitive disabilities whose Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) designate the use of alternate assessments. These tests are administered one-on-one by trained test examiners and are available for ELA, Mathematics, and Science.

CAA Characteristics:

• Format: Computer-based and adaptive

• Administration: Individual, one-on-one with familiar test examiner

• Testing window: Extended timeframe (January through May for Science)

• Flexibility: Students can use various communication modes including gesture, eye gaze, or assistive devices

California Spanish Assessment (CSA)

The California Spanish Assessment is an optional test available to students in grades 3-12 who want to demonstrate their Spanish language proficiency. The CSA measures Spanish-specific reading, writing mechanics, and listening skills, and students don’t need to be enrolled in Spanish courses to participate.

CAASPP Scoring System: Understanding Student Performance

The CAASPP scoring system uses a scale score approach ranging from approximately 2000 to 3000 points, with specific ranges varying by grade level and subject. Understanding these scores is crucial for interpreting student performance and planning instructional support.

The Four Performance Levels

Level 4: Standard Exceeded (Advanced)
Students demonstrate advanced understanding and can apply knowledge in complex, real-world scenarios. These students are well-prepared for the next grade level and show readiness for college-level coursework.

Level 3: Standard Met (Proficient)
Students show solid understanding of grade-level standards and are prepared for the next grade level. This level indicates students are on track for college and career readiness.

Level 2: Standard Nearly Met (Foundational)
Students demonstrate partial understanding and may need additional support to master grade-level standards. These students show foundational knowledge but require targeted intervention.

Level 1: Standard Not Met (Inconsistent)
Students show limited understanding of grade-level standards and need substantial support to meet expectations. Significant intervention and additional instruction are typically necessary.

Scale Score Interpretation

The scale score ranges provide precise measurement within each performance level. For example, in Grade 5 Mathematics:

• Level 1: 2220-2454 points

• Level 2: 2455-2527 points

• Level 3: 2528-2578 points

• Level 4: 2579-2740 points

These scores help educators identify exactly where students fall within each performance level, enabling more targeted instructional planning.

Testing Schedule and Timeline: When CAASPP Happens

CAASPP testing occurs annually during the spring testing window, typically from April through May. However, Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) have flexibility in selecting their specific testing windows within the state’s broader timeframe.

2025 Testing Windows

CAASPP Testing (SBAC and CAST): April 7 – May 30, 2025
California Alternate Assessments: January 13 – May 30, 2025
CAASPP Interim Assessments: September 2024 – March 2025

Typical School Testing Schedule

Most schools organize their CAASPP testing over 2-3 weeks during the testing window. A typical schedule might include:

• Week 1: ELA Computer Adaptive Test and Performance Task

• Week 2: Mathematics Computer Adaptive Test and Performance Task

• Week 3: CAST (Science) testing and make-up sessions

Schools often implement modified bell schedules during testing to accommodate the extended time requirements and minimize disruptions to non-testing students.

Technology-Enhanced Items and Digital Testing Features

CAASPP assessments incorporate various technology-enhanced item types that take advantage of computer-based testing capabilities. These innovative question formats require students to demonstrate knowledge in ways impossible with traditional paper-and-pencil tests.

Common Item Types

Selected-Response Items: Traditional multiple-choice questions adapted for the digital environment.

Technology-Enhanced Items: Interactive questions requiring students to:

• Drag and drop elements

• Edit text directly in passages

• Draw objects or diagrams

• Plot points on graphs

• Complete interactive tables

Constructed-Response Items: Short written or numerical responses demonstrating specific skills.

Performance Tasks: Complex, multi-part activities requiring students to:

• Conduct research using provided sources

• Write argumentative or informative essays

• Solve multi-step mathematical problems

• Integrate knowledge across multiple standards

Digital Testing Tools

Students have access to various embedded tools during testing:

• Digital notepad for organizing thoughts

• Highlighter for marking important text

• Zoom functionality for enlarging images

• Calculator (when appropriate)

• Equation editor for mathematical expressions

Accessibility Resources and Accommodations

The CAASPP system provides comprehensive accessibility resources to ensure all students can demonstrate their knowledge effectively. These resources fall into three categories: Universal Tools, Designated Supports, and Accommodations.

Universal Tools (Available to All Students)

Universal tools are available to any student based on personal preference and don’t require special designation:

• Text highlighting and digital notepad

• Zoom functionality for enlarging text and images

• Line reader to focus on specific text

• Color contrast options for better visibility

• Break timer for managing testing sessions

Designated Supports (Team-Determined)

Designated supports require educator or team decision and may be specified in a student’s IEP or 504 plan:

• Text-to-speech for reading passages aloud

• Translated glossaries for English learners

• Extended time for completing assessments

• Simplified test directions

• Separate testing location for minimizing distractions

Accommodations (IEP or 504 Plan Required)

Accommodations are legally required for eligible students with disabilities when specified in their IEP or Section 504 plan:

• Speech-to-text for written responses

• Braille materials for visually impaired students

• American Sign Language interpretation

• Scribe assistance for written responses

• Alternative response modes for students with physical disabilities

Effective Preparation Strategies for Educators

Year-Round Preparation Approach

Successful CAASPP preparation extends beyond test prep sessions to encompass year-round instructional practices aligned with tested standards. Research shows that schools achieving significant score improvements focus on strategic thinking skills rather than just content knowledge.

Key Preparation Elements:

1. Standards-based instruction throughout the year

2. Technology integration in daily learning

3. Performance task practice embedded in regular curriculum

4. Strategic thinking skill development

5. Formative assessment using interim assessments

Strategic Thinking Focus

Educational research identifies four main cognitive stressors in CAASPP testing:

1. Content knowledge – Understanding subject matter

2. Vocabulary – Comprehending academic language

3. Question types – Navigating technology-enhanced items

4. Strategic thinking – Analyzing what questions are asking

The most overlooked area is strategic thinking, which includes:

• Situational analysis – Understanding complex scenarios

• Comparative thinking – Analyzing relationships between concepts

• Algebraic thinking – Working with unknown variables

• Conditional thinking – Considering multiple possibilities

Technology Preparation

Since CAASPP is fully computer-based, students need extensive technology practice throughout the year. Effective preparation includes:

Regular use of:

• Practice tests available on the CAASPP website

• Training tests for format familiarization

• Interim assessments for ongoing progress monitoring

• Technology-enhanced question types in classroom instruction

Recommended resources:

• Official CAASPP practice tests (no login required)

• Training tests for interface familiarity

• Scoring guides and rubrics for performance tasks

• Directions for Administration (DFA) materials

Student Preparation: Building Confidence and Skills

Academic Preparation Strategies

Content Mastery:

• Regular review of grade-level standards throughout the year

• Performance task practice using authentic scenarios

• Text analysis skills for reading comprehension

• Mathematical problem-solving across multiple steps

• Scientific reasoning and evidence-based conclusions

Test-Taking Skills:

• Time management strategies for untimed but lengthy assessments

• Process of elimination for selected-response items

• Evidence gathering from multiple sources for performance tasks

• Self-monitoring and answer checking techniques

Technology Readiness

Essential Digital Skills:

• Mouse and keyboard proficiency for efficient navigation

• Copy and paste functions for organizing information

• Drag and drop interactions for technology-enhanced items

• Digital note-taking using embedded tools

• Multi-tab navigation for performance tasks with multiple sources

Test Day Preparation

Physical Preparation:

• Adequate sleep (8-9 hours) the night before testing

• Nutritious breakfast for sustained energy

• Comfortable clothing in layers for temperature changes

• Arrive early to reduce morning stress

Mental Preparation:

• Positive mindset about demonstrating knowledge

• Relaxation techniques for managing test anxiety

• Confidence building through practice and familiarity

• Focus on effort rather than perfect performance

Performance Tasks: Deep Dive into Complex Assessments

Performance tasks represent the most complex component of CAASPP testing, requiring students to demonstrate knowledge integration across multiple standards. These extended activities measure college and career readiness through authentic, real-world applications.

ELA Performance Task Structure

Research Phase:

• Students read 2-4 sources on a specific topic

• Sources may include articles, videos, infographics, or audio clips

• Students take notes and gather evidence from sources

• Short-response questions check source comprehension

Writing Phase:

• Students write a full-length essay (typically 4-6 paragraphs)

• Essay types include argumentative, informative, or narrative

• Students must cite evidence from provided sources

• Writing demonstrates command of language conventions

Example Topics:

• Argumentative: Should students be required to maintain good grades to participate in sports?

• Informative: Compare and contrast three national monuments

• Narrative: Write a story about experiencing wilderness for the first time

Mathematics Performance Task Structure

Problem Scenario:

• Students encounter a real-world mathematical situation

• Multiple related questions build upon each other

• Problems require multiple solution strategies

• Students must explain reasoning and justify conclusions

Mathematical Practices Assessed:

• Problem solving across multiple steps

• Mathematical modeling of real situations

• Reasoning and proof in explanations

• Communication of mathematical thinking

• Representation using various mathematical tools

Data Analysis and Score Interpretation

Understanding Student Score Reports

CAASPP Student Score Reports (SSRs) provide comprehensive performance information beyond simple scale scores. Modern reports include:

Performance Comparison:

• Individual student results across tested areas

• School, district, and state comparisons

• Grade-level expectation indicators

• Growth information when available

Detailed Results:

• Claim-level performance in specific skill areas

• Strengths and growth areas identification

• Lexile and Quantile measures for targeted instruction

• Resources for continued learning

Using Data for Instructional Planning

Individual Student Support:

• Target specific skill deficits identified in detailed reports

• Provide appropriate challenge for students exceeding standards

• Monitor progress through interim assessments

• Adjust instruction based on performance patterns

Classroom-Level Analysis:

• Identify common areas needing reinforcement

• Plan targeted interventions for struggling students

• Enhance curriculum in areas showing weaknesses

• Celebrate strengths while addressing gaps

School and District Planning:

• Analyze achievement gaps across student groups

• Evaluate program effectiveness using longitudinal data

• Allocate resources based on identified needs

• Set improvement goals using baseline data

Supporting Special Populations

English Learners (ELs)

CAASPP provides specific supports for English learners while maintaining assessment validity:

Available Supports:

• Translated glossaries in multiple languages

• Extended time for processing academic language

• Simplified English dictionary access

• Oral interpretation of test directions

Important Considerations:

• ELs in first 12 months in U.S. schools are exempt from ELA testing

• Both ELA and math assessments may be challenging due to language demands

• ELPAC results should inform CAASPP accommodation decisions

Students with Disabilities

The CAASPP system provides legally mandated accommodations for students with disabilities:

IEP/504 Plan Requirements:

• Accommodations must be documented in current IEP or 504 plan

• Team decisions about appropriate supports

• Regular use of accommodations during instruction

• Training for test administrators on accommodation delivery

Common Accommodations:

• Extended time or multiple sessions

• Alternative response modes (speech-to-text, scribe)

• Assistive technology devices

• Modified environment (separate room, reduced distractions)

California Alternate Assessment (CAA) Students

Students taking the CAA require specialized administration:

Eligibility Criteria:

• Significant cognitive disabilities documented in IEP

• Alternate assessment designation by IEP team

• Functional curriculum focus in educational program

Administration Requirements:

• One-on-one testing with familiar examiner

• Specialized training for test examiners required

• Flexible communication modes allowed

• Extended testing window for individualized pacing

Common Challenges and Solutions

Technology-Related Issues

Challenge: Students unfamiliar with computer-based testing
Solution:

• Provide regular technology practice throughout the year

• Use training tests for interface familiarization

• Ensure students experience all item types during instruction

Challenge: Technical difficulties during testing
Solution:

• Maintain backup devices and technical support

• Train staff on basic troubleshooting

• Have alternate testing schedules ready

Test Anxiety and Stress

Challenge: Student anxiety affecting performance
Solution:

• Practice relaxation techniques

• Create positive testing environment

• Emphasize effort over perfect performance

• Provide test-taking strategy instruction

Time Management

Challenge: Students struggling to complete assessments
Solution:

• Teach effective pacing strategies

• Practice with timed activities throughout the year

• Encourage answer checking while managing time

• Use interim assessments for stamina building

Best Practices for Test Administration

Pre-Testing Preparation

Administrative Tasks:

• Verify student information in TOMS system

• Assign accessibility resources at least 5 days prior

• Train test administrators on protocols and procedures

• Prepare testing environments with necessary technology

Student Preparation:

• Review testing procedures and expectations

• Practice with technology tools and navigation

• Address student questions and concerns

• Establish positive testing mindset

During Testing

Administrator Responsibilities:

• Monitor student progress without compromising test security

• Provide technical support as needed

• Maintain test security and appropriate testing conditions

• Document any irregularities or concerns

Student Support:

• Encourage consistent effort throughout testing

• Remind students of available tools and resources

• Allow appropriate breaks as needed

• Monitor for signs of fatigue or distress

Post-Testing Activities

Immediate Actions:

• Secure testing materials according to protocols

• Complete required documentation

• Address any testing irregularities

• Provide students with positive feedback on effort

Follow-Up Planning:

• Prepare for score release and interpretation

• Plan parent/guardian communication about results

• Begin instructional planning based on anticipated needs

• Reflect on testing process for future improvement

Technology Requirements and Setup

Minimum System Requirements

Hardware Specifications:

• Reliable internet connection with adequate bandwidth

• Updated web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge)

• Functional keyboards and mice for all testing devices

• Audio capabilities for text-to-speech and multimedia

Software Requirements:

• Secure browser installation for operational testing

• Updated operating systems compatible with testing platform

• Assistive technology compatibility for students with disabilities

Network and Infrastructure

Bandwidth Planning:

• Adequate capacity for simultaneous users during testing

• Backup internet options in case of primary connection failure

• Load balancing across multiple network connections if available

Security Considerations:

• Firewall configurations allowing testing platform access

• Secure Wi-Fi networks with appropriate access controls

• Device management preventing unauthorized software access

Future of CAASPP: Ongoing Developments

System Improvements

The CAASPP system continues evolving based on feedback from educators, students, and families. Recent and ongoing developments include:

Enhanced Reporting:

• Improved score reports with more actionable information

• Better comparison tools for tracking student growth

• Expanded resources for supporting continued learning

Accessibility Enhancements:

• Additional language supports for diverse learners

• Improved assistive technology integration

• Expanded accommodation options for students with disabilities

Research and Validation

Ongoing Studies:

• Validity research ensuring tests measure intended constructs

• Reliability analyses confirming consistent measurement

• Bias reviews addressing fairness across student populations

• Technical improvements based on administration data

Conclusion: Empowering Success Through Understanding

The CAASPP system represents California’s commitment to preparing students for college, career, and civic readiness through comprehensive, technology-enhanced assessments. By understanding the system’s components, scoring methodology, and preparation strategies, educators and students can approach these assessments with confidence and purpose.

Success on CAASPP requires year-round preparation that integrates standards-based instruction, strategic thinking development, and technology literacy. When educators provide comprehensive support and students develop both academic knowledge and test-taking skills, CAASPP becomes a valuable tool for demonstrating learning and guiding future instruction.

The assessment system’s emphasis on accessibility and equity ensures that all students, regardless of language background or disability status, can demonstrate their knowledge effectively. Through proper preparation, appropriate accommodations, and supportive testing environments, CAASPP serves its intended purpose of promoting high-quality teaching and learning across California’s diverse student population.

As California continues refining and improving the CAASPP system, the fundamental goal remains constant: providing meaningful data that supports student success and educational excellence. By embracing this comprehensive approach to assessment, educators and students can work together to achieve academic growth and prepare for future challenges and opportunities.