Answer:
The sentence in the question is talking about Ellen Ochoa’s view on the future possibility of humans needing to live in environments other than Earth, and it mentions that she doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen. The sentence needs a verb that fits with someone expressing an opinion or belief about a future possibility without having concrete evidence.
Let’s look at the options provided:
A) “demands” implies a forceful assertion that something should happen, which does not fit the context of the sentence, which is speculative in nature.
B) “speculates” means to form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence. This seems to fit well since the sentence indicates that Ochoa is considering a future possibility without certainty.
C) “doubts” implies a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction, which is not in line with the sentence, as it suggests Ochoa believes in the possibility rather than doubting it.
D) “establishes” means to set up on a firm or permanent basis or to show something to be true or certain. This does not fit the context because the sentence implies uncertainty about when it will happen, not a definitive establishment of fact.
Therefore, the most logical and precise word to complete the sentence is “speculates” because it conveys the notion of thinking about possibilities without having a definitive idea or evidence. The correct choice is B) speculates.
Answer:
This question is asking for the most appropriate word to describe the nature of Annie Dodge Wauneka’s efforts in promoting public health and creating a medical dictionary for the Navajo language. Let’s examine the options:
A) “impartial” means treating all rivals or disputants equally. This does not seem to fit in the context of the sentence, which describes a dedicated effort rather than an unbiased approach.
B) “offhand” means ungraciously or offensively nonchalant or cool in manner. This does not fit the context, as it would imply a dismissive or casual approach, which contradicts the description of her continuous work.
C) “persistent” means continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. This matches the description given, which states that Wauneka “continuously worked” on these efforts.
D) “mandatory” means required by law or rules; compulsory. This does not fit the context since the sentence does not suggest that her efforts were required by law, but rather undertaken by her own initiative.
The most logical and precise word to complete the sentence is “persistent,” as it describes Wauneka’s continual and steadfast approach to her work. The correct choice is C) persistent.
Answer:
This question requires selecting a word that describes how the collaboration between the Crow Tribe and Montana State University relates to the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Let’s consider the meanings of the options provided:
A) “circumvents” means to find a way around an obstacle or to overcome a problem in a clever and possibly deceptive way. This does not fit the context, as the sentence does not suggest that the collaboration is trying to avoid or get around anything.
B) “eclipses” means to overshadow something. While the collaboration may be significant, the use of “eclipses” would suggest that it overshadows the model itself, which is not the intention of the sentence.
C) “fabricates” means to invent or concoct something, typically with deceitful intent. This does not fit the context since the collaboration is genuine and not about making up something that is untrue.
D) “exemplifies” means to be a typical example of something. This seems appropriate as the sentence suggests that the collaboration is a representative example of the CBPR model, demonstrating how tribal citizens and scientists can work together.
Therefore, the most logical and precise word to complete the sentence is “exemplifies” because it indicates that the collaboration is a demonstration or a typical example of the CBPR model in action. The correct choice is D) exemplifies.
Answer:
The sentence discusses how the dodder plant times its flowering with that of the host plant. Here are the meanings of the provided options and their fit in the context:
A) “synchronization” means the operation or activity of two or more things at the same time or rate. This word would logically fit in the sentence since it is about the dodder plant flowering at the same time as its host.
B) “hibernation” refers to the condition or period of an animal or plant spending the winter in a dormant state. This choice does not relate to the context of flowering and timing.
C) “prediction” refers to the act of saying what will happen in the future, often based on inference or special knowledge. While the dodder plant does anticipate the flowering of the host, it does not predict it in the sense of forecasting; it reacts to the cues given by the host.
D) “moderation” means the avoidance of excess or extremes, especially in one’s behavior or political opinions. This word does not relate to the act of timing flowering and thus does not fit the context.
The most logical and precise word to complete the sentence is “synchronization” because it describes the process by which the dodder plant flowers in unison with its host plant, based on the cues from the protein produced by the host. The correct choice is A) synchronization.
Answer:
The question presents a passage that discusses how the conditions in binary star systems make planetary formation nearly impossible and that the existence of planets in such systems has lacked a certain kind of explanation. Two researchers, Roman Rafikov and Kedron Silsbee, used modeling to shed light on the subject, suggesting a complex set of factors supporting planet development.
Let’s consider each option:
A) a discernible – This option suggests that before Rafikov and Silsbee’s work, there wasn’t a clear or distinguishable explanation for the phenomenon.
B) a straightforward – This means that there wasn’t a simple or uncomplicated explanation available.
C) an inconclusive – This would mean that existing explanations didn’t lead to a definite conclusion.
D) an unbiased – This would imply that there wasn’t a neutral or impartial explanation, which doesn’t quite fit the context since the problem is the complexity of explaining planetary formation in binary systems, not the bias in the explanations.
The context of the passage suggests that the researchers brought clarity to a subject that previously had been murky. The most fitting word would be one that conveys the absence of a clear, visible, or comprehensible explanation prior to the researchers’ work.
Given these considerations, the best fit for the blank, meaning clear or easy to see or understand, would be:
A) a discernible
This is because the passage implies that the complexity of factors they discovered provided the clear explanation that was previously missing.
Answer:
In the given passage, the Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo is being described as taking a stand against a common trend in television with regards to the portrayal of Native characters. The passage then gives information about his series “Reservation Dogs,” which presents Native teenagers in a contemporary setting with current slang, showing a contrast to the trend mentioned.
Now let’s evaluate the options:
A) repudiates – This term means to reject or deny the authority or validity of something.
B) proclaims – To announce something officially or publicly.
C) foretells – To predict the future.
D) recants – To say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical.
Considering the context of the passage, which is the director’s rejection of the traditional portrayal of Native characters in historical settings, the correct word should convey a sense of rejection.
Option A) “repudiates” is the correct choice because it means to reject something, which is consistent with Harjo’s approach to portraying Native characters in a modern light, thereby rejecting the conventional tendency to situate them in the distant past.
The other choices do not fit as well within the context of the sentence. “Proclaims” implies an announcement, “foretells” is about predicting, and “recants” suggests a retraction of a previously held belief or statement, which does not align with the description of Harjo’s actions in the passage.
Answer:
The text provides an overview of Luis von Ahn’s work and how it led to the creation of the reCAPTCHA system. The passage details that von Ahn was initially working on converting printed books into a digital format, encountered the problem of digital scanners failing to recognize certain distorted words that humans could read easily, and, as a result, invented reCAPTCHA both as a security measure to differentiate humans from bots and as a means to aid in digitizing books.
Let’s evaluate the choices provided:
A) To discuss von Ahn’s invention of reCAPTCHA – This choice is accurate in that the passage discusses von Ahn’s invention but lacks the broader context of why reCAPTCHA was invented.
B) To explain how digital scanners work – The passage does mention digital scanners, but explaining their workings is not the main focus of the text.
C) To call attention to von Ahn’s book-digitizing project – The book-digitizing project is mentioned as a part of the passage, but it is not the sole focus. The primary subject is the creation of reCAPTCHA as a derivative of this project.
D) To indicate how popular reCAPTCHA is – The popularity of reCAPTCHA is not addressed in the passage.
The main purpose of the text is not just to discuss the invention of reCAPTCHA, but also to describe the multifaceted problem that led to its creation and its dual use as both a security tool and a method to contribute to the digitization of books.
Choice A) is the closest to this main purpose, but it would be more accurate if it acknowledged the dual purpose of reCAPTCHA in relation to the book-digitizing project. Since that option is not available, A) “To discuss von Ahn’s invention of reCAPTCHA” is the best among the provided options because it captures the central idea of von Ahn’s work that the passage is detailing.
Answer:
The passage is from Edith Wharton’s novel “The House of Mirth,” and it describes the protagonist, Lily Bart, experiencing a moment while walking through a park. The underlined sentence in the text is, “The landscape outspread below her seemed an enlargement of her present mood, and she found something of herself in its calmness, its breadth, its long free reaches.”
Let’s analyze each choice:
A) It creates a detailed image of the physical setting of the scene. While the sentence does contribute to the imagery of the landscape, the focus is more on how the landscape reflects Lily’s mood than on the details of the physical setting itself.
B) It establishes that a character is experiencing an internal conflict. The sentence does not explicitly mention an internal conflict. Instead, it connects the landscape to Lily’s mood, suggesting a harmony rather than a conflict.
C) It makes an assertion that the next sentence then expands on. The sentence doesn’t appear to set up an assertion that is then expanded upon in the following text; it is more reflective and descriptive in nature.
D) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the previous sentence. The previous sentence introduces the idea that Lily is sensitive to scenes that mirror her emotions. The underlined sentence illustrates this by showing how the landscape she sees feels like an enlargement of her own mood.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the previous sentence. The underlined sentence serves to illustrate and reinforce the connection between Lily’s internal state and the external environment.
Answer:
In the provided passage, the focus is on a study that links exposure to sunshine with the tendency of finance professionals to make overly optimistic financial forecasts. The underlined sentence in the text gives specific information about the study’s findings related to how sunshine exposure correlates with the optimism in earnings forecasts.
Let’s look at the function of the underlined sentence in the context of the passage and the options given:
A) To summarize the results of the team’s analysis – The underlined sentence does give the outcome of the team’s study, but it does more than summarize; it presents the core finding in detail.
B) To present a specific example that illustrates the study’s findings – This sentence does not provide a specific anecdotal example but instead reports the general finding from a large set of data.
C) To explain part of the methodology used in the team’s study – The underlined sentence does not describe the methodological approach of the study, rather it presents the results of the study.
D) To call out a challenge the team faced in conducting its analysis – There is no mention of a challenge in either the underlined sentence or the rest of the text.
The most accurate description of the function of the underlined sentence is A) To summarize the results of the team’s analysis. Although it does not give a complete summary of all results, it encapsulates the principal finding of the research—that there is a positive correlation between the amount of sunshine and the optimism of earnings forecasts.
